Submitted by la334 on Fri, 17/04/2026 - 15:34
Researchers have identified distinct phases in the development and ageing of the human brain, offering important insights into cognition, mental health, and lifelong brain resilience.
The study, led by neuroscientists including Duncan Astle at the Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, analysed MRI scans from more than 4,000 individuals aged from birth to 90. By examining how different regions of the brain connect and communicate, the team identified clear transition points that redefine how we understand childhood, adolescence, adulthood and later life.
One of the most striking findings is that adolescence—neurologically speaking—extends far longer than traditionally assumed, continuing into the early 30s. During this period, the brain develops long-range connections that underpin higher-order thinking, emotional regulation, and decision-making. This extended window of development has important implications for mental health, suggesting that experiences during young adulthood may continue to shape cognitive and emotional outcomes.
The study also highlights a phase of relative stability in adulthood (from the early 30s to mid-60s), followed by more pronounced changes in later life. From around age 66, the brain begins to lose some of its long-range connectivity, shifting towards more local processing. This may contribute to changes in memory, flexibility, and the ability to adapt to new situations.
Encouragingly, the research identifies a group of “super-agers”—individuals over 80 who maintain strong cognitive function. Their brains appear to preserve key communication hubs, offering clues to how resilience against cognitive decline might be supported.
For psychiatry, these findings reinforce the importance of a lifespan approach to brain and mental health. The extended developmental window of adolescence and early adulthood, in particular, highlights a critical period for intervention, prevention, and support.
The study also underscores the role of modifiable lifestyle factors in shaping brain health. Strong social connections, regular physical activity, good sleep, and continued intellectual engagement are all associated with healthier brain ageing.
Together, these findings provide a more nuanced framework for understanding how the brain changes over time—supporting efforts across research, clinical practice, and public health to promote cognitive wellbeing throughout life.
Read the article here: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health-fitness/conditions/ageing/key-phases-...